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Strategy1 min readFebruary 2026

Data Moats in the Age of Foundation Models

Why proprietary data still wins. How companies like Nubank are building unbreaka

By Durai Rajamanickam

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Everyone can access GPT-4. Nobody can access your customer data. This is the real moat in AI competition post-foundation models.

The mistake is thinking that foundation models make data irrelevant. The opposite is true: foundation models make proprietary data more valuable, not less. The foundation model is a generic reasoner—good at language, good at patterns, good at zero-shot tasks. But it knows nothing about your customers, your business, your context.

Nubank's AI delivers 2.56× ROI not because they use a better foundation model—they train on 100M customer records no competitor can touch. Ramp's merchant classification system improves continuously because it learns from millions of real transaction sequences.

The implication is stark: if your AI advantage depends on vendor models, you don't have an advantage. You have a subscription to someone else's advantage. Build data collection into your product. Make every user interaction training data. Design workflows that create high-quality labeled examples. That's how you build moats that last.

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Data Moats in the Age of Foundation Models | Infinidatum | Infinidatum